{"id":2716,"date":"2018-07-16T14:34:42","date_gmt":"2018-07-16T14:34:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/?p=2716"},"modified":"2024-02-19T14:57:02","modified_gmt":"2024-02-19T14:57:02","slug":"odwolania-wzgledne-bezwzgledne-i-mieszane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/pl\/trening\/odwolania-wzgledne-bezwzgledne-i-mieszane\/","title":{"rendered":"Odwo\u0142ania wzgl\u0119dne, bezwzgl\u0119dne i mieszane"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 formu\u0142 w Excelu zawiera odwo\u0142ania do innych kom\u00f3rek. Te odwo\u0142ania pozwalaj\u0105 formu\u0142om na dynamiczne aktualizowanie warto\u015bci.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"format\">Przyk\u0142ad 1:<\/h3>\n<p>Je\u017celi kom\u00f3rka\u00a0<strong>A1<\/strong>\u00a0zawiera warto\u015b\u0107 2, a kom\u00f3rka\u00a0<strong>B1<\/strong>\u00a0zawiera formu\u0142\u0119\u00a0<em>\u201e=A1+2\u201d\u00a0<\/em>(czyli odwo\u0142uje si\u0119 do kom\u00f3rki\u00a0<strong>A1<\/strong>)<strong>,<\/strong>\u00a0to formu\u0142a\u00a0<strong>B1<\/strong>\u00a0b\u0119dzie zawiera\u0142a warto\u015b\u0107 4. Je\u017celi teraz by\u015b zmieni\u0142 warto\u015b\u0107 kom\u00f3rki\u00a0<strong>A1<\/strong>\u00a0na 5, to warto\u015b\u0107 w kom\u00f3rce\u00a0<strong>B1<\/strong>\u00a0zmieni si\u0119 automatycznie na 7.<\/p>\n<p>Odwo\u0142ania w Excelu mo\u017cemy podzieli\u0107 na trzy kategorie:\u00a0<strong>wzgl\u0119dne, bezwzgl\u0119dne<\/strong>\u00a0i\u00a0<strong>mieszane.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"format\">Odwo\u0142ania Wzgl\u0119dne<\/h2>\n<p>Jest to standardowy rodzaj odwo\u0142ania. Jego dzia\u0142anie przedstawi\u0119 na poni\u017cszym przyk\u0142adzie:<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"format\">Przyk\u0142ad 2:<\/h3>\n<p>Je\u017celi kom\u00f3rka\u00a0<strong>B1<\/strong>\u00a0zawiera odwo\u0142anie do kom\u00f3rki\u00a0<strong>A1,<\/strong>\u00a0to po skopiowaniu kom\u00f3rki\u00a0<strong>B1<\/strong>\u00a0do kom\u00f3rki\u00a0<strong>D2,<\/strong>kom\u00f3rka ta zacznie odwo\u0142ywa\u0107 si\u0119 do kom\u00f3rki\u00a0<strong>C2.<\/strong>\u00a0Czyli innymi s\u0142owy odwo\u0142anie do kom\u00f3rki zosta\u0142o przesuni\u0119te o tak\u0105 sam\u0105 odleg\u0142o\u015b\u0107, co odleg\u0142o\u015b\u0107 od skopiowanej kom\u00f3rki.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"format\">Przyk\u0142ad 3:<\/h3>\n<p>Znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 tutaj imiona i nazwiska pracownik\u00f3w pewnej firmy.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2421\" src=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/lista-pracownikow.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"282\" height=\"160\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Aby w kom\u00f3rce w kolumnie\u00a0<strong>D<\/strong>\u00a0nie wpisywa\u0107 r\u0119cznie imienia i nazwiska, mo\u017cesz u\u017cy\u0107 \u0142\u0105czenia kom\u00f3rek wraz z odwo\u0142aniem wzgl\u0119dnym. W tym przypadku wpisz do kom\u00f3rki\u00a0<strong>D2<\/strong>\u00a0formu\u0142\u0119\u00a0<em>\u201e=B2&amp;&#8221; &#8220;&amp;C2\u201d<\/em>, kt\u00f3re jest wzgl\u0119dnym po\u0142\u0105czeniem kom\u00f3rki\u00a0<strong>B2,<\/strong>\u00a0spacji i kom\u00f3rki\u00a0<strong>C2.<\/strong>\u00a0U\u017cyj autowype\u0142niania, aby uzupe\u0142ni\u0107 pozosta\u0142e nazwiska.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2425\" src=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/odwolania-wzgledne-imiona.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"385\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/odwolania-wzgledne-imiona.png 385w, https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/odwolania-wzgledne-imiona-300x125.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 385px) 100vw, 385px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Wci\u015bnij kombinacj\u0119 klawiszy\u00a0<strong>Ctrl + ~<\/strong>\u00a0(znak znajduj\u0105cy si\u0119 pod ESC) aby wy\u015bwietli\u0107 formu\u0142y, kt\u00f3re zosta\u0142y u\u017cyte w przyk\u0142adzie.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2424\" src=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/odwolania-wzgledne-formuly.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"456\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/odwolania-wzgledne-formuly.png 456w, https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/odwolania-wzgledne-formuly-300x92.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Jak mo\u017cesz zauwa\u017cy\u0107, tylko formu\u0142a w kom\u00f3rce\u00a0<strong>D2<\/strong>\u00a0odwo\u0142uje si\u0119 do kom\u00f3rek\u00a0<strong>B2<\/strong>\u00a0i\u00a0<strong>C2.<\/strong>\u00a0Odwo\u0142ania w kolejnych kom\u00f3rkach zosta\u0142y odpowiednio przesuni\u0119te.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"format\">Odwo\u0142ania bezwzgl\u0119dne<\/h2>\n<p>Odwo\u0142anie bezwzgl\u0119dne zawsze wskazuje w to samo miejsce, nawet wtedy gdy zmienisz po\u0142o\u017cenie kom\u00f3rki, w kt\u00f3rej znajduje si\u0119 odwo\u0142anie.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"format\">Przyk\u0142ad 4:<\/h3>\n<p>Przedstawia on zarobki Jana Nowaka, wraz ze stawk\u0105 podatku jaki musi odprowadzi\u0107. Nale\u017cy tutaj obliczy\u0107 jaki jest podatek do zap\u0142aty w ka\u017cdym miesi\u0105cu.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2392\" src=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/przyklad-z-podatkiem.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"490\" height=\"246\" srcset=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/przyklad-z-podatkiem.png 490w, https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/przyklad-z-podatkiem-300x151.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Sp\u00f3jrz na pasek formu\u0142y, czyli podatek do zap\u0142aty za stycze\u0144 \u2013 znajduje si\u0119 tu formu\u0142a\u00a0<em>\u201e=C3*D7\u201d<\/em>. Je\u017celi b\u0119dziesz chcia\u0142 automatycznie wype\u0142ni\u0107 pozosta\u0142e miesi\u0105ce, to dla lutego kom\u00f3rka nie b\u0119dzie wskazywa\u0107 na kom\u00f3rk\u0119\u00a0<strong>D7,<\/strong>\u00a0lecz na kom\u00f3rk\u0119\u00a0<strong>D8,<\/strong>\u00a0a dla marca na\u00a0<strong>D9.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Je\u015bli chcesz aby formu\u0142a zawsze wskazywa\u0142a na konkretn\u0105 kom\u00f3rk\u0119, w tym wypadku\u00a0<strong>D7,<\/strong>\u00a0to musisz do niej zrobi\u0107\u00a0<strong>odwo\u0142anie bezwzgl\u0119dne<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Kliknij kom\u00f3rk\u0119\u00a0<strong>D3,<\/strong>\u00a0a nast\u0119pnie w pasku formu\u0142y na kom\u00f3rk\u0119\u00a0<strong>D7.<\/strong>\u00a0Teraz naci\u015bnij przycisk\u00a0<strong>F4<\/strong>\u00a0i potwierd\u017a\u00a0<strong>Enterem.<\/strong>\u00a0Spowoduje to zmian\u0119 odwo\u0142ania wzgl\u0119dnego na bezwzgl\u0119dne.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2426\" src=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/pasek-formuly-odwolanie-bezwzgledne.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"473\" height=\"37\" srcset=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/pasek-formuly-odwolanie-bezwzgledne.png 473w, https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/pasek-formuly-odwolanie-bezwzgledne-300x23.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>U\u017cyj autowype\u0142niania, aby uzupe\u0142ni\u0107 luty, marzec i sum\u0119 \u0142\u0105czn\u0105 miesi\u0119cy, a nast\u0119pnie kombinacji klawiszy\u00a0<strong>Ctrl + ~<\/strong>\u00a0aby wy\u015bwietli\u0107 formu\u0142y.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2434\" src=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/przyklad-widok-funkcji.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"536\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/przyklad-widok-funkcji.png 536w, https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/przyklad-widok-funkcji-300x112.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 536px) 100vw, 536px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Jak mo\u017cesz zauwa\u017cy\u0107 na powy\u017cszym przyk\u0142adzie, we wszystkich czterech kom\u00f3rkach, pierwsza cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 formu\u0142y jest odwo\u0142aniem\u00a0<strong>wzgl\u0119dnym,<\/strong>\u00a0a druga\u00a0<strong>bezwzgl\u0119dnym.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"format\">Odwo\u0142ania mieszane<\/h2>\n<p>Odwo\u0142anie jest odwo\u0142aniem bezwzgl\u0119dnym wtedy kiedy odwo\u0142uje si\u0119 do specyficznej kom\u00f3rki, natomiast odwo\u0142anie mieszane wyst\u0119puje wtedy, kiedy odwo\u0142uje si\u0119 do konkretnego wiersza lub kolumny. Np.:\u00a0<strong>$A1<\/strong>\u00a0lub\u00a0<strong>A$1<\/strong>. Je\u015bli chcesz stworzy\u0107 odwo\u0142anie mieszane to na pasku formu\u0142y naci\u015bnij klawisz\u00a0<strong>F4<\/strong>\u00a0dwukrotnie lub trzykrotnie, w zale\u017cno\u015bci od jego rodzaju. Naci\u015bnij\u00a0<strong>F4<\/strong>\u00a0raz jeszcze, aby powr\u00f3ci\u0107 do odwo\u0142ania wzgl\u0119dnego.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 formu\u0142 w Excelu zawiera odwo\u0142ania do innych kom\u00f3rek. Te odwo\u0142ania pozwalaj\u0105 formu\u0142om na dynamiczne aktualizowanie warto\u015bci. Przyk\u0142ad 1: Je\u017celi kom\u00f3rka\u00a0A1\u00a0zawiera warto\u015b\u0107 2,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[168],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Odwo\u0142ania wzgl\u0119dne, bezwzgl\u0119dne i mieszane<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dowiedz si\u0119, jak korzysta\u0107 z odwo\u0142a\u0144 w Excelu - wzgl\u0119dnych, bezwzgl\u0119dnych i mieszanych. 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