{"id":4519,"date":"2019-08-05T14:28:06","date_gmt":"2019-08-05T14:28:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/?p=4519"},"modified":"2024-02-19T15:10:17","modified_gmt":"2024-02-19T15:10:17","slug":"if-then-else","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/vba\/if-then-else\/","title":{"rendered":"VBA If Then Else (complete guide)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Sometimes you don\u2019t want every part of your code to be executed as you run your macro. In almost every computer language. In VBA, you can find <strong>IF .. ELSEIF .. ELSE<\/strong> statement or <strong>SELECT .. CASE<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this lesson, I\u2019ll show you how you can use the IF statement in VBA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">If .. Then<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You can use the <strong>If<\/strong> statement if you want to check a condition and execute that part of the code only if the condition is met.  You can close the <strong>If<\/strong> statement with an <strong>End If<\/strong> line.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Sub SingleIf()\n    Dim age As Integer\n    age = 18\n    \n    If age &gt;= 18 Then\n        MsgBox \"This person is an adult\"\n    End If\nEnd Sub<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The condition (age &gt;= 18) is met therefore the code between <strong>If<\/strong> and <strong>End If<\/strong> is executed and the message is displayed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"160\" height=\"133\" src=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/if-display-message.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4521\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>If you change the <strong>age<\/strong>\nvariable to a number smaller than 18, Excel will check the condition, and\nbecause the condition is not met it won\u2019t do anything.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A single line IF<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In the previous example, I showed you that you have to end\nyour if statement with the <strong>End If<\/strong>\nline. That\u2019s true unless you write your statement inside a single line.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s modify our example a bit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Sub SingleLineIf()\n    Dim age As Integer\n    age = 18\n    \n    If age &gt;= 18 Then MsgBox \"This person is an adult\"\nEnd Sub<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Single line statement can be more readable if you use\n<a href=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/vba\/multiple-ifs\/\">multiple <strong>Ifs<\/strong><\/a> with a short single\nline code to execute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Multiple Ifs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You can use multiple <strong>Ifs<\/strong> if you want to execute multiple parts of code, and each <strong>If<\/strong> has to be closed with <strong>End If<\/strong>. Here\u2019s what I mean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Sub MultipleIfs()\n    Dim age As Integer\n    age = 77\n    \n    If age &gt;= 18 Then\n        MsgBox \"This person is an adult\"\n    End If\n    If age &gt;= 65 Then\n        MsgBox \"This person is a retiree\"\n    End If\nEnd Sub<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>In this case, both conditions are met, therefore Excel will display both messages. If you have multiple <strong>Ifs<\/strong>, it\u2019s a good idea to use the <strong>SELECT .. CASE<\/strong> statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">If .. Then .. Else<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>If<\/strong> statement\nallows us to check a single condition. If the condition is met (returns <strong>TRUE<\/strong>), the particular code is executed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But what if the statement returns <strong>FALSE<\/strong> and, in this case, you want to execute a different part of a code?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this case, you can use <strong>ELSE<\/strong> statement. This part of code will execute if the condition is not met. Let\u2019s take a look.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Sub IfElse()\n    Dim age As Integer\n    age = 16\n    \n    If age &gt;= 18 Then\n        MsgBox \"This person is an adult\"\n    Else\n        MsgBox \"This person is not an adult\"\n    End If\nEnd Sub<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Excel checks whether the condition is met. In our case, 16 &gt;= 18 returns <strong>FALSE<\/strong>, therefore program will execute code that is inside the <strong>Else<\/strong> statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"181\" height=\"133\" src=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/if-not-display-message.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4522\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">If .. Then .. ElseIf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>So far you\u2019ve learned about <strong>If<\/strong> and <strong>Else<\/strong>. In this\npart, you are going to learn about <strong>ElseIf<\/strong>,\nwhich allows creating more complicated conditions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It works in the following way. First Excel checks the <strong>If<\/strong> condition. If the condition is not\nmet (and only then) it checks the <strong>ElseIf\n<\/strong>condition. If the condition is still not met, it returns the <strong>Else<\/strong> statement. You can use multiple <strong>ElseIf<\/strong> statements, but only a single <strong>If<\/strong> or <strong>Else<\/strong> in a single if statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s find out using the following example.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Sub IfElseIfElse()\n    Dim age As Integer\n    age = 11\n    \n    If age &lt; 18 Then\n        MsgBox \"This person is underage\"\n    ElseIf age &gt;= 65 Then\n        MsgBox \"This person is a retiree\"\n    Else\n        MsgBox \"This person is an employee\"\n    End If\nEnd Sub<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>This code checks whether a person is underage. If the condition is met it returns the message. If the condition is not met if checks the next condition \u2013 if a person is over 65. If the condition returns <strong>TRUE<\/strong> it returns the next message. If both conditions are not met, it returns the last message inside <strong>Else<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">IF with logical operators<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">NOT<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In our example, we used the following condition:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>age &gt;= 18<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you want to select people who are younger than 18, you can use this statement: <strong>age &lt; 18<\/strong>, or you can use negation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With negation, our example looks like this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Sub SingleIfNot()\n    Dim age As Integer\n    age = 18\n    \n    If Not age &gt;= 18 Then MsgBox \"This person is not an adult\"\nEnd Sub<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>In the above example, no code will be executed because it makes our condition negative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Sub SingleIfNot2()\n    Dim age As Integer\n    age = 16\n    \n    If Not age &gt;= 18 Then MsgBox \"This person is not an adult\"\nEnd Sub<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>After you changed our variable to be smaller than 18, the message is going to be displayed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"181\" height=\"133\" src=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/if-not-display-message-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4523\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">OR and AND<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Besides <strong>NOT<\/strong>, you can also use <strong>AND<\/strong>\nand <strong>OR<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s modify our example.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, we are going to use <strong>AND<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Sub IfAnd()\n    Dim age As Integer\n    age = 56\n    \n    If age &gt;= 18 And age &lt;= 65 Then\n        MsgBox \"This person is an adult and employee\"\n    End If\nEnd Sub<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>In this example, both conditions\nhave to return <strong>TRUE<\/strong> in order to\ndisplay the message. In other words, the condition is met if the <strong>age<\/strong> variable is between 18 and 65.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nesting IF and ELSEIF (intermediate)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You can find that one <strong>If<\/strong> the statement is nested inside\nanother <strong>If<\/strong> statement. It\u2019s not only\npossible, but you can find that this is a common practice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I\u2019ll illustrate it in the following example.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Sub Fruits()\n    Dim discount As Single\n    Dim amount As Integer\n    Dim fruit As String\n    \n    fruit = \"apple\"\n    amount = 120\n    \n    If fruit = \"banana\" Then\n        If amount &gt; 100 Then\n            discount = 0.1\n        ElseIf amount &gt; 10 Then\n            discount = 0.05\n        End If\n        MsgBox \"You bought \" + CStr(amount) + \" banana(s) with \" + CStr(discount * 100) + \"% discount\"\n    ElseIf fruit = \"orange\" Then\n        If amount &gt; 100 Then\n            discount = 0.2\n        ElseIf amount &gt; 10 Then\n            discount = 0.1\n        End If\n        MsgBox \"You bought \" + CStr(amount) + \" orange(s) with \" + CStr(discount * 100) + \"% discount\"\n    ElseIf fruit = \"apple\" Then\n        If amount &gt; 100 Then\n            discount = 0.4\n        ElseIf amount &gt; 10 Then\n            discount = 0.2\n        End If\n        MsgBox \"You bought \" + CStr(amount) + \" apple(s) with \" + CStr(discount * 100) + \"% discount\"\n    Else\n        MsgBox \"You didn't buy anything\"\n    End If\nEnd Sub<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>In the first <strong>If<\/strong>\nstatement this code checks what kind of fruit you are buying. If there are\nother If statements inside, it checks how many fruits you are buying and gives you\na discount.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The IIf function<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There is no typo. There is a function in VBA, called <strong>IIf<\/strong>. This function is not as popular as\nthe <strong>If<\/strong> statement, but it exists, so\nI decided that it should be mentioned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s similar to ternary operators from other programming\nlanguages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With this function, you can make your code even shorter than\nwith single-line <strong>If<\/strong> statements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is our <strong>If<\/strong> .. <strong>Else<\/strong> example.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Sub IfElse()\n    Dim age As Integer\n    age = 16\n    \n    If age &gt;= 18 Then\n        MsgBox \"This person is an adult\"\n    Else\n        MsgBox \"This person is a youngster\"\n    End If\nEnd Sub<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s modify it in order to use the <strong>IIf<\/strong> function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Sub IfElse()\n    Dim age As Integer\n    age = 16\n    \n    MsgBox IIf(age &gt;= 18, \"This person is an adult\", \"This person is a youngster\")\nEnd Sub<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s going to return this message.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"178\" height=\"133\" src=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/message-iif-function.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4524\"\/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sometimes you don\u2019t want every part of your code to be executed as you run your macro. In almost every computer language. In&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>VBA If Then Else (complete guide)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how to use the IF statement in VBA with our step-by-step guide. 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