{"id":775,"date":"2018-06-30T17:21:05","date_gmt":"2018-06-30T17:21:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/?p=775"},"modified":"2024-03-14T17:36:00","modified_gmt":"2024-03-14T17:36:00","slug":"objects-in-vba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/training\/objects-in-vba\/","title":{"rendered":"Objects in VBA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Object-Oriented Programming (OOP for short) is based on the idea that everything in programming can be described as an object. These objects are not physical things we can see in real life, but virtual ones existing in the computer memory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the following lessons, I will write about things associated with objects, such as properties, methods, events, and hierarchy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading format\">Application object and object hierarchy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;<strong>Application object<\/strong>&nbsp;represents the entire Excel application. It is located at the top of the object hierarchy and it contains every other object. Follow this lesson to learn more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The most common objects that derive from the&nbsp;<strong>Application object<\/strong>&nbsp;are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Workbook<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Window<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>These objects can contain other objects. Let\u2019s take a&nbsp;<strong>Workbook<\/strong>&nbsp;for example. Each workbook contains objects, such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Worksheet<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Window<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Name<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>These objects can also contain objects. For example, a&nbsp;<strong>Worksheet<\/strong>&nbsp;can contain the following objects:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Name<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Comment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hyperlink<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading format\">Referring to objects<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In order to work with VBA objects, first, you need to learn how you can refer to them. Below you will find examples of how you can shorten the code, so it will be more readable and easier to write.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading format\">Example:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>The following code is a <a href=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/formulas\/return-cell-reference-instead-of-value\/\">reference to the value<\/a> in cell&nbsp;<strong>B5.<\/strong>&nbsp;It&nbsp;can be written in the following form:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted lang:vb decode:true\">Application.Workbooks(\u201eBook1.xlsx\u201d).Worksheets(\u201eSheet1\u201d).Range(\u201eB5\u201d).Value<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>In VBA, the application object is always assumed. That means that our reference can be written as:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted lang:vb decode:true\">Workbooks(\u201eBook1.xlsx\u201d).Worksheets(\u201eSheet1\u201d).Range(\u201eB5\u201d).Value<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>Furthermore, if you want to point to the first worksheet in the workbook you can use:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted lang:vb decode:true\">Workbooks(\u201eBook1.xlsx\u201d).Worksheets(1).Range(\u201eB5\u201d).Value<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>If you don\u2019t refer to a particular workbook, Excel assumes that the worksheet is in the currently opened workbook:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted lang:vb decode:true\">Worksheets(1).Range(\u201eB5\u201d).Value<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>The same is with the worksheet. If you lose the word, Excel will assume that the range is in the <a href=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/vba\/activate-worksheet-by-using-vba\/\">active worksheet<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted lang:vb decode:true\">Range(\u201eB5\u201d).Value<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li>Because&nbsp;<strong>Value<\/strong>&nbsp;is treated as the default property, in this case, we can also make a reference without the&nbsp;<strong>Value<\/strong>&nbsp;property. The final reference will be:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted lang:vb decode:true\">Range(\u201eB5\u201d)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading format\">Object Properties<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Each physical object has some properties. It may be color, size, weight, name, and so on. But not only objects in real life have properties, but also virtual VBA objects have them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are thousands of properties in Excel, some of them can be changed and the other ones are read-only. You don\u2019t have to remember all of them. You will probably use only a small fraction of the most important ones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Look at the following example. It gets the value from cell&nbsp;<strong>B5<\/strong>&nbsp;and displays it in the&nbsp;<em>MsgBox<\/em>&nbsp;window.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"219\" height=\"163\" src=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/06\/example-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-776\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted lang:vb decode:true\">Sub displayCellValue()\n    cellValue = Worksheets(\"Sheet1\").Range(\"B5\").Value\n    MsgBox cellValue\nEnd Sub<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the result generated by the macro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"154\" height=\"154\" src=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/06\/msgbox-result.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-777\" srcset=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/06\/msgbox-result.png 154w, https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/06\/msgbox-result-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 154px) 100vw, 154px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In the second example change this value to 1234.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted lang:vb decode:true\">Sub changeCellValue()\n    Worksheets(\"Sheet1\").Range(\"B5\").Value = 1234\nEnd Sub<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>This will give us the following result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"219\" height=\"163\" src=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/06\/example-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-776\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading format\">Object Methods<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the previous lesson, I presented object properties. In this lesson, I will describe the methods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The method is an action that is performed by an object.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s take a real-life object: a car. The car has such properties as color, speed, weight, etc. But in addition to that it can perform actions, such as start the engine, drive, stop, and so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the following examples, I describe a few methods you can use in Excel 365.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the following example, we will clear cells from&nbsp;<strong>B2<\/strong>&nbsp;to&nbsp;<strong>C5.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"347\" height=\"163\" src=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/06\/example1-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-778\" srcset=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/06\/example1-3.png 347w, https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/06\/example1-3-300x141.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 347px) 100vw, 347px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>To do this, we can use the following code:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted lang:vb decode:true\">Sub clearData()\n    Range(\"B2:C5\").ClearContents\nEnd Sub<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>This will give us the following result:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"347\" height=\"163\" src=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/06\/example1_2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-779\" srcset=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/06\/example1_2.png 347w, https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/06\/example1_2-300x141.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 347px) 100vw, 347px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Collections, as well as other objects in Excel, can use methods. The following macro will create a new workbook.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted lang:vb decode:true\">Sub createWorkbook()\n    Workbooks.Add\nEnd Sub<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>This method will display the number telling you how many workbooks are currently opened.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted lang:vb decode:true\">Sub countWorkbooks()\n    MsgBox Workbooks.Count\nEnd Sub<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading format\">Object Events<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>An Event in Excel is an action (performed by a user) that can execute VBA code. Below, you will find a sample list of events that can trigger the code execution:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Activating or deactivating an object (worksheet, window, etc.).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/training\/methods-for-entering-and-editing-data\/\">Entering data<\/a> into a cell.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Opening or closing the workbook.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Saving the workbook.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The occurrence of a particular date.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use of a particular key combination.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading format\">Creating an Event<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To create the event, first, you have to open the <a href=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/training\/visual-basic-editor-vbe\/\">Visual Basic Editor<\/a> (VBE) by selecting&nbsp;<strong>DEVELOPER<\/strong><strong> &gt;&gt; Code &gt;&gt; Visual Basic<\/strong>, or using the&nbsp;<strong>Alt<\/strong><strong> + F11<\/strong>&nbsp;keyboard<strong> shortcut<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When a new window appears, perform the following actions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Double-click \u201eThisWorkbook\u201d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Select \u201eWorkbook\u201d because we want to trigger the code when something with the workbook happens.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Click the event for which you want to execute the code.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"610\" height=\"344\" src=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/06\/VBE.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-780\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/06\/VBE.png 610w, https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/06\/VBE-300x169.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>When you start clicking different events in the list, Excel will automatically enter new subs. As long as there is no code in them, they won\u2019t have any effect on the worksheet. You can also delete them if you don\u2019t want empty subs to be visible.<\/p>\n<cite>NOTICE<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>This code will <a href=\"https:\/\/officetuts.net\/excel\/examples\/highlight-a-cell-with-a-keyboard-shortcut\/\">highlight<\/a> cell&nbsp;<strong>A1<\/strong>&nbsp;with a random color each time you activate the workbook. You can activate your workbook when you open it or when you switch from another opened workbook.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted nums:true lang:vb decode:true\">Private Sub Workbook_Activate()\n    r = WorksheetFunction.RandBetween(0, 255)\n    g = WorksheetFunction.RandBetween(0, 255)\n    b = WorksheetFunction.RandBetween(0, 255)\n    Range(\"A1\").Select\n    \n    With Selection.Interior\n        .Pattern = xlSolid\n        .PatternColorIndex = xlAutomatic\n        .Color = RGB(r, g, b)\n    End With\nEnd Sub\n\nPrivate Sub Workbook_Open()\nEnd Sub<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Object-Oriented Programming (OOP for short) is based on the idea that everything in programming can be described as an object. These objects are&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Objects in VBA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and discover how to work with objects in Excel VBA. 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